Globalisation and Decline of National Identity

Question: Examine about the Globalization and Decline of National Identity. Answer: Presentation Globalization alludes to the methodology of the worldwide social, monetary and legislative joining of nations; financial amalgamation is the most significant handler of the globalization procedure. Globalization is the procedure which is probably going to be unavoidable. The development of the world commercial center just as overall cooperations gets frail to the staggering impression of globalization that upsets all countries and furthermore they aura protectionist strategies and rules. It has likewise beneficial outcomes on the money related improvement of the world as the advancement of the overall rouses the overall advancement of monetary. In any case, long haul impacts of globalization may be bothersome, predominantly for the oppressed nations that can't partake with ground-breaking and completely propelled nations on the planet commercial center. Globalization has starts as the upgrading financial coordinated effort among nations at the nearby level just as easily advanced inside the world pattern. The monetary affiliation and connections between the nations was the result of the development of capital however driving associations working the national market (Ariely, 2012). The development of capital shaped national markets horrendous for the associations as they have soaked them just as they required further fare of capital as and extension of worldwide market. Here, the paper will show the positive just as negative impacts of globalization in various nations. The paper will show the consequences for created nations, it will even show the impacts on created country and alongside this the paper will show the impacts on the world as entirety. The scientist will utilize a portion of the articles for portraying the effects of globalization in various countries. The scientist will depict the effects by demonstrating a portion of the figures that are identified with the effects of globalization in various countries. Positive and Negative impacts on Developed Nations Globalization is the procedure which incorporates the abrogation of monetary boundaries just as impediments on the development of merchandise, HR, capital and products. Globalization is the procedure which is probably going to be unavoidable. The extension of the world commercial center just as overall cooperations gets powerless to the staggering impression of globalization that upsets all countries and furthermore they mien protectionist approaches and rules (Editorial Board, 2011). It has likewise beneficial outcomes on the financial improvement of the world as the advancement of the overall motivates the overall advancement of monetary. In any case, long haul impacts of globalization may be unwanted, essentially for the oppressed nations that can't participate with ground-breaking and completely propelled nations on the planet commercial center. Dunning, 1998 expressed that, the principle thought process of globalisations is to give better serious situations than the organizations alongside lower working costs for increasing more noteworthy measures of administrations, buyers and items. This procedure to contention is expanded through dissimilarity of assets just as development of new chance of offer through debut up additional commercial centers and furthermore recovering new belongings (Ghate, 2016). Disparity of assets is essentially the methodology of business which improves the assorted varieties of business administrations and wares into various organizations. Enhancement fortifies foundations through diminishing authoritative elements of hazard, securing associations that are both vertical and even in nature (Owen, 2008). The upgrading monetary relationship among the nations moves the foundation and development of worldwide organizations that worked internationally. The overwhelming lion's share of worldwide organizat ions are situated in completely created countries. Global organizations in their turn motivates experts for disposing of financial boundaries just as set up unhindered commerce further for encouraging their future extension of worldwide market (Ghauri and Powell, 2008). Also, such approaches and rules results to the steady fortifying of the globalization technique that has become the fundamental way of pattern in the cutting edge financial advancement of the world. Created countries are sure countries alongside a significant level of monetary improvement just as meet explicit financial models as per the financial hypothesis like Human Development Index, Gross Domestic Product. There are some evolved countries like United Kingdom, France, Japan, United States and so on., utilizes these definitions. Globalization considerably affects created countries. One of the impacts of globalization is the advancement of exchange among for the most part in entrenched nations (Globalization, 2012). The exchange among created nations remembers the significant offer for the absolute portions of world. Created nations gathers in the exchange with one another rather with immature nations that they slant for utilizing as providers of normal assets like petroleum derivatives. The monetary affiliation is very beneficial as they have well-gifted HR, capital and innovation which are the fundamental viewpoints that add to the serious advantage of associations in the wo rldwide market. Dunning 1998 expressed that, created nations just as organizations is essentially situated in evolved countries that utilization their advancements for going into new markets just as assume the main position in the worldwide commercial centers. They likewise assume the prevailing position in the worldwide markets as on account of Microsoft which built up their business effectively (Globalization, Societies and Education, 2008). Generally significant, globalization incorporates the unhindered commerce opened significant possibilities for associations based on creating countries for purchasing regular assets just as numerous other essential supplies from creating countries. Thus, countries situated in created countries have an opportunity for diminishing creation costs as a result of the end of financial obstructions and furthermore minimal effort of provisions from creating countries. Martin Van Gunten, 2002 expressed that the organizations improved the use of regular assets and diffe rent other fundamental supplies from created countries however in particular purchasing crude materials they offered cutting edge wares to creating countries and furthermore created countries which cost is likewise a lot higher than the expense of crude materials the merchandise are shaped of. Globalization propels organizations for adjusting to various plans based on new ideological patterns which attempt to adjust rights just as enthusiasm of both the network and individual completely. This change permits organizations for contending worldwide just as demonstrates an extreme change for business pioneers, the executives frantic specialists by lawfully tolerating the cooperation of works just as government in building up and executing association techniques and strategies. Remote direct speculation stream even keeps an eye on the capital venture into created countries for the most part, then again interest in creating countries end up being optional (Goodman and Marshall, 2013). In this way, created countries chiefly lean towards for putting into other created countries as they accept that such ventures are protected and solid. In addition, financial specialists putting resources into created countries can ascertain on okay of stable salary level and venture and those speculations are productive just as steady. Likewise, happening of monetary reasonability are subordinate focuses for investors from industrialized countries. As opposed to the US partners want to underwrite in the EU financial plan. Then again, EU partners favors for underwriting in the US economy. At this reality, it merits attesting the way that the investment funds among the created countries sponsor to their improved development of financial matters which empowers them for outpacing the remainder of the globe continually (Jordo, 2009). Created nations really encourage from those common ventures as they rouses their development of financial. One of the explanation that why speculators from created nations likes to put resources into created financial than in creating and developing economies is fundamentally because of the danger of those assets and they dont wish for to accept chance just as underwrite in insecure countries. Impacts of Globalization of creating Nations With the improvement of globalization, creating nations faces some unsure and far fetched impacts. On one side, Globalization prompts the financial improvement for the most part because of the evacuation of money related blockades that opens the way for their stocks for providing it to the worldwide commercial center. On the opposite side, creating countries stand up to the ramifications for their capacity to challenge with the created states. The principle issue is that organizations working in creating countries are regularly depending of the created nations for the advances (Nederveen Pieterse, 2012). Because of this explanation, that can't beat or challenge the situation of organizations of created countries because of their high innovation. Likewise, the vast majority of the creating countries rely upon one boss business which is all around created and is the huge donor in the countrys GDP. As, GDP of the Nigeria is tremendously relied upon the oil exchange with different organi zations. Besides, Globalization elevates hole between the created countries and the creating countries or it can likewise be seen with a view that Globalization expands the hole between the rich and helpless nations as rising countries are the suppliers of assets, though propelled countries are the providers of present day items and administrations (Sengers, 2011). This is the primary explanation because of which creating countries are going to be in the situation of weakness in a since a long time ago run forthcoming. It is for the most part since globalization rearranges their abuse by increasingly created nations which purchaser more belongings. Dana

The Battle of Valverde - American Civil War

The Battle of Valverde - American Civil War The Battle of Valverde was battled February 21, 1862, during the American Civil War (1861-1865). On December 20, 1861, Brigadier General Henry H. Sibley gave a decree guaranteeing New Mexico for the Confederacy. To help his words, he propelled north from Fort Thorn in February 1862. Following the Rio Grande, he expected to take Fort Craig, the capital at Santa Fe, and Fort Union. Walking with 2,590 sick prepared men, Sibley approached Fort Craig on February 13. Inside the fortifications dividers were around 3,800 Union officers drove by Colonel Edward Canby. Uncertain of the size of the moving toward Confederate power, Canby utilized a few ploys, including the utilization of wooden Quaker firearms, to make the fortress look more grounded. Making a decision about Fort Craig to be too solid to be in any way taken by direct ambush, Sibley stayed south of the fortress and sent his men with the objective of alluring Canby to assault. In spite of the fact that the Confederates stayed in position for three days, Canby would not leave his fortresses. Short on proportions, Sibley met a chamber of war on February 18. Following conversations, it was chosen to cross the Rio Grande, climb the east bank, and catch the passage at Valverde with the objective of cutting off Fort Craigs lines of correspondence to Santa Fe. Propelling, the Confederates stayed outdoors toward the east of the post the evening of February 20-21. Armed forces Commanders: Association Colonel Edward Canby3,000 men Confederate Brigadier General Henry H. Sibley2,590 men The Armies Meet Made aware of the Confederate developments, Canby dispatched a blended power of rangers, infantry, and mounted guns under Lieutenant Colonel Benjamin Roberts to the portage on the morning of February 21. Eased back by his firearms, Roberts sent Major Thomas Duncan ahead with the mounted force to hold the portage. As Union soldiers were moving north, Sibley requested Major Charles Pyron to scout the passage with four organizations from the second Texas Mounted Rifles. Pyrons advance was upheld Lieutenant Colonel William Scurrys fourth Texas Mounted Rifles. Showing up at the portage they were shocked to discover Union soldiers there. Rapidly taking​ a situation in a dry stream bed, Pyron called for help from Scurry. Inverse, Union weapons moved into place on the west bank, while the mounted force progressed in a conflict line. Notwithstanding having a numerical bit of leeway, the Union powers didn't endeavor to ambush the Confederate position. Showing up on the scene, Scurry sent his regiment to Pyrons right. Despite the fact that experiencing harsh criticism from Union powers, the Confederates couldn't react in kind as they were to a great extent furnished with guns and shotguns which needed adequate range. The Tide Turns Learning of the stalemate, Canby withdrew Fort Craig with the greater part of his order just leaving a power of civilian army to watch the post. Showing up on the scene, he left two regiments of infantry on the west bank and pushed the rest of his men over the waterway. Beating the Confederate situation with ordnance, Union powers gradually picked up the high ground on the field. Mindful of the developing battle at the portage, Sibley likewise sent fortifications as Colonel Tom Greens fifth Texas Mounted Rifles and components of the seventh Texas Mounted Rifles. Sick (or alcoholic), Sibley stayed in camp subsequent to appointing field order to Green. Promptly toward the evening, Green approved an assault by an organization of lancers from the fifth Texas Rifles. Driven by Captain Willis Lang, they flooded forward and were met by overwhelming fire from an organization of Colorado volunteers. Their charge vanquished, the remainders of the lancers pulled back. Evaluating the circumstance, Canby ruled against a frontal assault on Greens line. Rather, he tried to constrain the Confederate left flank. Requesting Colonel Christopher Kit Carsons untested first New Mexico Volunteers over the stream, he propelled them, alongside Captain Alexander McRaes mounted guns battery, to a forward position. Seeing the Union ambush framing, Green arranged Major Henry Raguet to lead an assault against the Union option to purchase time. Charging forward, Raguets men were rebuffed and the Union soldiers started progressing. While Raguets men were being turned around, Green arranged Scurry to set up an assault on the Union place. Flooding forward in three waves, Scurrys men struck close McRaes battery. In savage battling, they prevailing with regards to taking the weapons and breaking the Union line. His position out of nowhere falling, Canby had to arrange a retreat back over the waterway however huge numbers of his men had just started to escape the field. Result of the Battle The Battle of Valverde cost Canby 111 murdered, 160 injured, and 204 caught/missing. Sibleys misfortunes totaled 150-230 slaughtered and injured. Falling back to Fort Craig, Canby continued a protective position. In spite of the fact that he had won a triumph in the field, Sibley still needed adequate powers to effectively assault Fort Craig. Short on proportions, he chose for proceed with north towards Albuquerque and Santa Fe with the objective of re-provisioning his military. Canby, accepting his was out-numbered chose not to seek after. In spite of the fact that he eventually involved both Albuquerque and Santa Fe, Sibley had to desert New Mexico after the Battle of Glorieta Pass and the loss of his cart train. Sources History of War: Battle of ValverdeTSHA: Battle of ValverdeFort Craig National Historic Site

Introduction to human resource management Essay

Prologue to human asset the board - Essay Example Conversation Business Partner Model The business association model can be characterized as the procedure wherein the power of the colleagues in designating available assets is resolved towards the achievement of authoritative targets. In addition, the model clarifies the procedure through which the accomplices misuse important assets so as to build up their particular organizations (Global Public Policy Unit, 2006). It merits referencing that it is the HR division which makes dynamic cooperation in the key arranging methodology for accomplishing wanted business objectives inside the setting of colleague model. The model takes care of the direct of different business exercises, for example, preparing alongside enlisting of representatives and position of existing and new workers. Uniquely referencing, the HR office can recognize and choose proper workers who are appropriate for playing out their particular occupation assignments with the execution of business association model (McKay, 2013). ... This driver can propel the supervisory group of the inn to develop new advances so as to achieve most extreme fulfillment level. In addition, this driver can inspire the HR branch of the inn for choosing proper representatives, so a great part of the consideration can be centered around consenting to customers’ needs. It tends to be insisted that the outer driver concerning business advertise rivalry can compel the supervisory crew of the inn to embrace and actualize successful systems so as to continue in the separate business. As per the contextual analysis, it very well may be seen that the HR Director of the lodging is a lot of sharp towards embracing new advancements, which go about as an inside driver to improve the picture of the association and profiting other huge advantages (Zakic and et. al., 2008). In the previous barely any years, it very well may be obviously seen that the HR capacities are bit by bit changing and the requirement for enhancing clients has expande d. The business association model requires vital direction for molding the work and the conduct of HR division (The OD Center, 2013). So as to decide the estimation of the model to the matter of the lodging, it very well may be expressed that the HR system of making a positive workplace would advance the capacity of the current and the future representatives to perform different operational capacities. The development alongside the progression of colleague model would bolster the lodging to create more noteworthy incentive to the clients through raising the assurance of the representatives and furthermore through producing camaraderie in the midst of them. There lay certain potential detriments of executing the model of colleague. In this

Consumer Decision Making - 4125 Words

Consumer Decision Making (Essay Sample) Content: Consumer Decision MakingNameInstitutionCourseLecturerDateTOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u Executive Summary PAGEREF _Toc388775652 \h 3Overview of the Product-Coca-Cola PAGEREF _Toc388775653 \h 3Consumer Decision Making Process PAGEREF _Toc388775654 \h 4External Factors Influencing Consumer Decision Making PAGEREF _Toc388775655 \h 51. Culture PAGEREF _Toc388775656 \h 52. Sub-Culture PAGEREF _Toc388775657 \h 63. Social Classes PAGEREF _Toc388775658 \h 84. Reference Groups PAGEREF _Toc388775659 \h 9Functions of reference Groups PAGEREF _Toc388775660 \h 105. The Family PAGEREF _Toc388775661 \h 136. Opinion Leaders PAGEREF _Toc388775662 \h 137. Diffusion of Innovations PAGEREF _Toc388775663 \h 14Public Policy and Consumer Protection PAGEREF _Toc388775664 \h 15Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc388775665 \h 17References PAGEREF _Toc388775666 \h 18Executive SummaryThe consumer decision making process is influenced by both internal and external factors. The external factors include reference groups , the family, social class, cultural and sub-cultural aspect. These factors have different levels of influence on the decision making process. Some are more influential than the others.This paper looks at external factors that affect the consumer decision making process for the case of Coca-Cola. It looks at these factors in depth and discusses the influence that they have and how the company deals with them in its marketing efforts.Overview of the Product-Coca-ColaThe Coca-Cola beverage was developed in 1886 by John Stith pemberton. He later sold the brand and formula to Asa Candler in 1889 who later registered the Coca-Cola Company in 1892. The story of Coca-Cola since then has been remarkable. In 196 the company would start manufacturing its unique bottles which it uses to date. The company went beyond the U.S boundaries in 1928 under Robert Woodruff who was the company president at the time. In the 1960s, the company expanded its product range by developing new flavors such as S prite, Fanta and Fresca and also acquired Minute Maid company. This brought a completely new line of products to the company, greatly changed its image and opened up new markets thereby increasing its sales volumes. The story was no different in the 1980s when the company became renowned for its incredible innovativeness that ultimately changed the company. It introduced diet coke which instantly became the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s most famous low-calorie soft drink. The company continues to grow and today is the unbeatable market leader in the World soft drink market. Its products have markets all over the globe. Every day, over 1.4 billion Coca Cola products are sold (Brief company history, 2011).Most of the marketing efforts undertaken by companies and marketers are aimed at influencing the decision making process of the consumers. In marketing, the consumer means everything. This is the person who buys a product or service in order to satisfy his needs at a convenient place and through monetary consideration. Marketers need to understand consumer behavior which is defined as "the study of consumers and how they decide on the good or service to choose, consume and dispose among the many available choices to choose from." understanding consumer behavior is critical for marketers as it can guide their marketing activities, messages and focus (Defining Consumer Behavior, 2014).Consumer Decision Making ProcessBefore a consumer buys a product or service, he goes through stages in making that decision. These are: problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, purchase and post purchase evaluation. The actual purchase is just one stage of the process. It is not all decision processes that will lead to purchase and it is not all consumer decision that involves all the stages (Romm Sudweeks, 1998).The decision making process is influenced by both internal and external factors. External influences lay a vital role in determining the decision that a consumer will make. These include: culture, subculture, reference groups, social stratification, demographics, families, households, geographics and marketing activities. Coca-Cola understands these factors and incorporates their understanding in its marketing approach.External Factors Influencing Consumer Decision Making1. CultureCulture is the most important external consumer decision making factor. This is because human behavior is shaped by culture. It is defined as the characteristics of a given group of people pertaining to such aspects as language, religion, social habits, cuisine, music and arts (Zimmermann, 2012). The interaction between humans and their culture determines their behavior. When it comes to a consumer, he is influenced by his culture when deciding what to buy. He is subconsciously guided by his culture because it sets the boundaries within which he can think and act. Culture defines what is acceptable and what is not. If a commodity is not cu lturally viewed positively, a consumer will avoid it. It is therefore imperative form marketers to ensure that the products they market are acceptable to different cultures. Coca-Cola has managed to do this through decades of relentless vigorous marketing in both new and old markets.Human culture is of a scholastic nature meaning it is acquired. It is learned through imitation and observation of the reward-punishment process in a society. A child learns the symbols of his culture from his family, friends and teachers. This is how culture is leaned and transmitted to other generations and it has a great influence on a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s behavior, thoughts, reactions, beliefs and sensitivity to surrounding issues.For a brand, it is necessary to understand cultural factors in each market and adapt its product to suit that market in its marketing strategy. This plays a vital role in the habits, perception, expectations and behavior of consumers thereby determining whether they will buy the product or not. For instance, in the West, it is an acceptable social norm to invite friends for a drink at home whereas in Eastern cultures such as Japan, it is preferable to invite such people for an outing in a restaurant. Usage and consumption times area also different for different societies and as such, marketers must take this into consideration. Coca-Cola advertises its products using different approaches in different cultures. They are customarily marketed as refreshment and social drinks which augur well for most cultures.Since Coca-Colaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s market encompasses the entire world consisting of thousands of cultures, it has a dynamic way of dealing with different markets and cultures. In its website, it has specific pages dedicated to consumers from different parts of the world. The pages target people from general cultures such as African-Americans, Latin Americans, Asians, Japanese, Africans, etc. It has different messages relevant for the different groups. The w ebsite also has a map in which viewers choose the language in which they want to access the website. Brands strive to ensure that majority of the consumers feel recognized and Coca-Cola does this by ensuring the website is available in different languages to be useful for as many people as possible (Kosko, 2013).2. Sub-CultureA sub-culture is an identifiable small social structure within a large dominant culture. It is composed of people who share similar behaviors, values, symbols and attitudes which distinguish them from the large dominant culture (Atkinson Young, 2008). In other words, subcultures can be viewed as nationalities, ethnic groups, gender, age groups, and religions. Brands take subcultures into consideration when laying out their marketing programs. This helps adapt a commodity or communication strategy to the values and norms of a particular segment of the consumer base. Coca-Cola uses geographic segmentation in its marketing program which focuses on subcultures. Fo r instance, the marketing approach in India is different from the one used in Pakistan even though the two countries share cultures with some similarities. The flavors are also different from country to country and are reflective of the cultures of people in any particular region.Subcultures are distinguished by unique beliefs, customs and values. They are also distinguished by central core cultural themes, languages used and self identification. These subcultures can be ethnic, religious, geographical, regional, racial and age-based. In Australia, ethnic subcultures include Asian-Australians, Whites, Sojourners and indigenous cultures such as Aboriginals. The main Religious subculture is Catholic Christians.The main sub-cultural division that plays a major role in consumer behavior for the case of Coca-Cola is age. For marketing purposes, it can be divided into generation-X and generation-Y. Generation-X is for those born between 1965 and 1979 while generation-Y is those born betwe en 1980 and 1994. The groups require different marketing approaches. Generation-Y is young, open to change, technologically sophisticated, influenced easily by reference groups, confident, optimistic and disloyal to brands. Generation-X on the other hand is highly educated, spends a lot on recreation, and is concerned with job satisfaction more than with salary and purchases reputable brand names. Coca-Cola targets these groups depending on their ages. For generation-X, it is easy to market the brand because it has a reputable name worldwide and is renowned as a recreational drink. On the other hand, marketing to generation-Y is tricky because the group is disloyal to brands and is adventurous. However, the task is made easier because these people have grown up drinking Coca-Cola and most were induced to like it at an early age at the family level.Teena...

Argumentative Essay The Problem Of Poverty - 1520 Words

Argumentative Paper Just like the 46 million Americans like her, twenty-four-year-old Desiree Metcalf is stuck in poverty. Metcalf’s is among those Americans that brought poverty from their childhood to adulthood. After high school, she had gotten a full scholarship to the University of Florida but got pregnant. Now she is a mother to three children, whom all have different fathers and she lives in a two bedroom apartment in Bath, New York. She used to be an alcoholic and was into self harm. Plus Metcalf also says that she smoked, â€Å"like a chimney.† â€Å"But more disturbing is that poverty is now starting to take its toll on her children, especially her eldest daughter. Metcalf says she recently tried to run away from home in the middle of the night.† Though the government has paid much attention to this family, with programs like, Head Start, food stamps, health care, and housing it has never been enough. The government spent $3,000 on giving Metcalf certified training as a n ursing assistant, which she has always wanted to be, there has never been a spot open in her small town. Also to top it all off, Metcalf knows that if she does get a job, the government will stop providing for her and her small family (â€Å"One Family’s Story Shows How the Cycle of Poverty Is Hard to Break†). Even with all of these dilemmas Metcalf still hopes to have her dream of becoming a certified nurse’s assistant come true. Metcalf’s story is one of many that tells us that the distribution of money isShow MoreRelatedThe Consequences Of The Abortion Pill1160 Words   |  5 Pagesenough to somebody from the outside looking in. Again, I believe there should be a right reason to have an abortion but my reasoning wouldn’t always be the same as another woman’s would be. A woman has a right to have an abortion Running Head: ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY 3 because it is her body. Abortion should be legal but discouraged. 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Compair and Contrast Birches, the Road Not Taken and Into...

The Road Not Taken and Birches are two poems by Robert Frost seemingly inspired by nature. Robert Frost was a poet who lived from 1874 to 1963. His poems can be related to the book Into the Wild. Into the Wild is a story about the life and death of Chris McCandles covered by Jon Krakaur who is somewhat of a nature enthusiast himself. In The Road not Taken Frost talks about a fork in the road and seeing that he is only one person he has to choose one path over the other, after thinking for a long time he decides to take the one that looks more worn out. This shows his adventurous nature. Later thinking back he says that both paths had worn..really about the same but says if he were to tell the story again hed claim with a sigh†¦show more content†¦In Into the Wild Jon Krakaur uncovers Chris McCandles last few years of life and his surprising death in Fairbanks Alaska. Chris McCandles was a well raised boy brought up by a good family with a decent amount of wealth and graduated from Emory University. When he was younger he went mountain climbing with his father Walt to Old Rag in Shenandoah and Long Peak in Colorado. McCandles seemed to be intrigued by nature and had the idea that people didnt need much to live off of. After Chris graduated college he went AWOL and dropped communications with his family. H e donated his savings of 24,000 dollars to a food charity and changed his name to Alexander Supertramp. Alex traveled on a great cross country adventure. He traveled using his yellow datsun until it got flooded and from there he went by foot, canoe, bike, hitchhiking, and train hopping. During his trip he kept several journals with which he mostly wrote what he ate, which wasnt much. When Alex was in Mexico he scavenged for fish and when he was up north in Alaska he hunted wild animals. Alex lived most famously of rice. Youd think hed get tired of it, but he never did.

Music empowerment Essay Example For Students

Music empowerment Essay Campbell readings brings to light the benefits of this holistic tool. Among other things, it gives us detailed instructions for toning (singing of prolong sounds, usually simple vowels on a single note) which anyone can perform, taking us very deeply into the mystery that is our voice. The main goal of these exercises is to alleviate the ailments, moods and clearing the mind from clutter. These exercises can also lessen certain minor physical problems such as headaches and perhaps even a few major ones. I was extremely interested in the basic concepts f achieving these goals. I personally tried some of the breathing exercises and even though I knew I would not master the technique, it was very insightful and educational. When I look at the impact the power of sounds, music, and toning have had in my personal life one conclusion is certain, it had brought balance to my mind, emotions, and the release of stress. Having been raised in a community where music, sounds and vibrations were and still are part of our lives have enabled me to use these methods for refinancing energies in my body causing it to re-center ending peace from within. This is what gospel music does for me. It reaches deep inside my soul, transforming my spirit and healing my sadness in times of need. It truly makes me feel closer to my creator. Never had I realize how powerful this concept really is until I found myself in situations where even unconsciously, humming, singing or listening to all of these sounds created a state of trust, hope and vision towards the future. In Campbell and Gardner readings, I was able to appreciate the explanation and benefits making sounds can have and how good it makes you feel. Furthermore, I was able to learn that sound is not Just sound, it helps put us back in touch with ourselves bringing absolutely important knowledge that could greatly influence and benefit anyone. These readings takes the reader in a Journey into toning and self-discovery, guiding us to self-expression, self- exploration and healing. In conclusion, sounds has the capacity to affect us on all levels-physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual. This work ties together a number of traditions. Also this readings stimulate specific areas of the body, mind and soul. In order to relate to people in a harmonious way, tone of voice is all important, for it is the tone which conveys feelings. Both readings also relates to spiritual strength, it suggests feeling the tones and sounds as they interact with and affect in a positive way your inner being, opening us to experience a rejuvenation. Music empowerment 3rd session By Claudia have enable me to release stress, frustration, and worries to the point I no longer feel overwhelmed. Reading Don G Campbell Healing Power of Breath, Tone and Music and Kay Gardner Sounding the Inner Landscaped Describes the power found in many forms of music and its healing powers through its structure. Embarking on a quest into self-discover and the keys to unlock healing power through of sounds. Different sounds creates perception a power so strong that moves everything around it. The drone is the basis of healing music in that each tone that is sounded for a long period of time will touch the physical body in a specific area. This types of tones can be utilized to break down blockages in certain areas of the body. Sound bath

Sylvia Plath Daddy Essays - Sylvia Plath, Daddy, Sylvia, Plath

Sylvia Plath "Daddy" As a poet Sylvia Plath has been renowned for her style of writing and the power she evokes from her ideas in her poems. The themes of her poems tend to be of a negative nature with war, death and the problem of patriarchal societies as such topics. One of Plath's most famous pieces of poetry is Daddy. The poem focuses on Plath's father, a man who left her at an early age resulting in a burning hatred on her behalf for him. Daddy is an example of Plath's dark and gloomy work and also displays her common poetic devices of vivid imagery, metaphors, similes and irregularity throughout her poems. Ideally everybody deserves to grow up with two living parents, however Plath was not given this opportunity as her father died when she was only eight. In the poem Daddy, Plath, as the speaker, is having a one-way conversation with her father expressing all her feelings, anguish and how she tried to compensate for his death. The poem itself bares no metaphorical reading, only a literal reading which is broken up into three parts. A common technique that Plath uses in her poetry is the metaphor. An example lies within the first stanza of Daddy. "Any more, black shoe, In which I have lived like a foot, For thirty years, poor and white, Barely daring to breathe or Achoo." Here the persona uses the simile "like a foot" to compare herself to a foot. Metaphorically she is describing how she has had to live her life without her father, entrapped in black sadness like how a foot is tightly enclosed within a shoe. The reader is positioned to see that life can become very grim growing up without an important figure in a person's life such as their father. The second part of Daddy deals with World War II, a prominent event in recent history, but was a negative one as it was filled with destruction, bloodshed and trauma. Firstly to set the scene vivid imagery is used. The phrases "It stuck in a barb wire snare" and " A Jew to Dachau, Auschwitz, Belsen" paints the picture of the notorious concentration camps of death with barb wire surrounding it. Another example of war imagery is when the persona refers to "Panzer-man, panzer-man, O You-." These soldiers of the German army were one of the most feared, as they were the men who drove the tanks. Finally the line "So black no sky could squeak through" sums up the overall atmosphere of a war with its dark and gloomy nature. With this example of Plath's use of imagery, she has been able to develop a picture of war and its horrific nature. As a race, the Jews arguably went through the most suffering in World War II. Millions fell victim to an attempt of ethnic cleansing ordered by Hitler. However Plath believed her suffering from the loss of her father was just as great as what many Jewish people went through. In the poem the persona uses several similes, a common technique of Plath, in the seventh stanza. "An engine, an engine, chuffing me off like a Jew. A Jew to Dachau, Auschwitz, Belsen. I began to talk like a Jew. I think I may well be a Jew." The similes within this stanza position the reader to see the great degree of suffering the speaker went through, as it is compared to the torment and anguish millions went through during World War II. When the persona describes her father, she again draws upon war imagery in the form of the Nazi soldiers and Hitler himself. The description given is in the ninth stanza. I have always been scared of you, With your Luftwaffe, your gobbledygoo. And your neat moustache and your Aryan eye, bright blue. By comparing her father to Hitler, the speaker creates a parallel in that Hitler was responsible for the lives of so many Jews. Her father is like Hitler and she is like Jew, hence positioning the reader to see how the speaker believed it was growing up without a father that caused her to live such a disruptive life. As it is documented, Plath was known to have lived a life of utter misery, one that included suicide attempts and breakdowns for which the major reason she put behind these was the loss of her father. For her mental illness, Plath received treatment, which included electro-shock therapy. She describes her treatment in Daddy with another metaphor. "But

Persepolis (Iran) - Darius the Greats Persian Empire

Persepolis (Iran) - Darius the Great's Persian Empire   Persepolis is the Greek name (meaning roughly City of the Persians) for the Persian Empire capital of Pà ¢rsa, sometimes spelled Parseh or Parse. Persepolis was the capital of the Achaemenid dynasty king Darius the Great, ruler of the Persian Empire between 522–486 B.C.E. The city was the most important of the Achaemenid Persian Empire cities, and its ruins are among the best known and most visited archaeological sites in the world. The Palace Complex Persepolis was built in a region of irregular terrain, on top of a large (455x300 meters, 900x1500 feet) man-made terrace. That terrace is located on the Marvdasht Plain at the foot of the Kuh-e Rahmat mountain, 50 kilometers (30 miles) northeast of the modern city of Shiraz and 80 km (50 mi) south of Cyrus the Greats capital, Pasargadae. Atop the terrace is the palace or citadel complex known as Takht-e Jamshid (The Throne of Jamshid), which was built by Darius the Great, and embellished by his son Xerxes and grandson Artaxerxes. The complex features 6.7 m (22 ft) wide double stairways, the pavilion called the Gate of All Nations, a columned porch, an imposing audience hall called Talar-e Apadana, and the Hall of a Hundred Columns. The Hall of a Hundred Columns (or Throne Hall) likely had bull-headed capitals and still has doorways decorated with stone reliefs. Construction projects at Persepolis continued throughout the Achaemenid period, with major projects from Darius, Xerxes, and Artaxerxes I and III. The Treasury The Treasury, a relatively unassuming mud-brick structure on the southeastern corner of the main terrace at Persepolis, has received much of the recent focus of archaeological and historical investigation: it was almost certainly the building which held the Persian Empires vast wealth, stolen by Alexander the Great in 330 B.C.E. Alexander used the reported 3,000 metric tons of gold, silver and other valuables to fund his conquering march towards Egypt. The Treasury, first built in 511–507 B.C.E., was surrounded on all four sides by streets and alleys. The main entrance was to the west, although Xerxes rebuilt the entrance on the north side. Its final form was a one-story rectangular building measuring 130X78 m (425x250 ft) with 100 rooms, halls, courtyards, and corridors. The doors were likely built of wood; the tiled floor received enough foot traffic to require several repairs. The roof was supported by more than 300 columns, some covered with mud plaster painted with a red, white and blue interlocking pattern. Archaeologists have found some remnants of the vast stores left behind by Alexander, including fragments of artifacts much older than the Achaemenid period. Objects left behind included clay labels, cylinder seals, stamp seals, and signet rings. One of the seals dates to the Jemdet Nasr period of Mesopotamia, some 2,700 years before the Treasury was built. Coins, glass, stone and metal vessels, metal weapons, and tools of different periods were also found. Sculpture left behind by Alexander included Greek and Egyptian objects, and votive objects with inscriptions dated from the Mesopotamian reigns of Sargon II, Esarhaddon, Ashurbanipal, and Nebuchadnezzar II. Textual Sources Historical sources on the city begin with cuneiform inscriptions on clay tablets found within the city itself. In the foundation of the fortification wall at the northeastern corner of the Persepolis terrace, a collection of cuneiform tablets were found where they had been used as fill. Called the fortification tablets, they record the disbursement from royal storehouses of food and other supplies. Dated between 509-494 BC, almost all of them are written in Elamite cuneiform although some have Aramaic glosses. A small subset that refers to dispensed in behalf of the king is known as the J Texts. Another, later set of tablets were found in the ruins of the Treasury. Dated from the late years of the reign of Darius through the early years of Artaxerxes (492–458 B.C.E.), the Treasury Tablets record payments to workers, in lieu of a part of or all of the total food ration of sheep, wine, or grain. The documents include both letters to the Treasurer demanding payment, and memoranda saying the person had been paid. Record payments were made to wage-earners of various occupations, up to 311 workers and 13 different occupations. The great Greek writers did not, perhaps surprisingly, write about Persepolis in its heyday, during which time it would have been a formidable opponent and the capital of the vast Persian Empire. Although scholars are not in agreement, it is possible that the aggressive power described by Plato as Atlantis is a reference to Persepolis. But, after Alexander had conquered the city, a wide array of Greek and Latin authors like Strabo, Plutarch, Diodorus Siculus, and Quintus Curtius left us many details about the sacking of the Treasury. Persepolis and Archaeology Persepolis remained occupied even after Alexander burned it to the ground; the Sasanids (224–651 C.E.) used it as an important city. After that, it fell into obscurity until the 15th century, when it was explored by persistent Europeans. The Dutch artist Cornelis de Bruijn, published the first detailed description of the site in 1705. The first scientific excavations were conducted at Persepolis by the Oriental Institute in the 1930s; excavations were thereafter conducted by the Iranian Archaeological Service initially led by Andre Godard and Ali Sami. Persepolis was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1979. To the Iranians, Persepolis is still a ritual space, a sacred national shrine, and a potent setting for the spring festival of Nou-rouz (or No ruz). Many of the recent investigations at Persepolis and other Mesopotamian sites in Iran are focused on preservation of the ruins from ongoing natural weathering and looting. Sources Aloiz E, Douglas JG, and Nagel A. 2016. Painted plaster and glazed brick fragments from Achaemenid Pasargadae and Persepolis, Iran. Heritage Science 4(1):3.Askari Chaverdi A, Callieri P, Laurenzi Tabasso M, and Lazzarini L. 2016. The Archaeological Site of Persepolis (Iran): Study of the Finishing Technique of the Bas-Reliefs and Architectural Surfaces. Archaeometry 58(1):17-34.Gallello G, Ghorbani S, Ghorbani S, Pastor A, and de la Guardia M. 2016. Non-destructive analytical methods to study the conservation state of Apadana Hall of Persepolis. Science of The Total Environment 544:291-298.Heidari M, Torabi-Kaveh M, Chastre C, Ludovico-Marques M, Mohseni H, and Akefi H. 2017. Determination of weathering degree of the Persepolis stone under laboratory and natural conditions using fuzzy inference system. Construction and Building Materials 145:28-41.Klotz D. 2015. Darius I and the Sabaeans: Ancient Partners in Red Sea Navigation. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 74(2):267-280.

Reasoning And Analysis Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reasoning And Analysis Assignment - Essay Example In this way, the reader can quickly infer as to the symbiotic relationship that key indicators effect on the overall sellability/marketability of a given idea, item, or individual. In a sense, the crowning achievement of an individual or a firm can serve to provide a powerful and useful segue or introduction where the reputation precedes the product or individual. This brief analysis will consider the ways in which the Halo Effect exists in many different forms as well as seeking to draw a level of inference onto the ways that companies can mold and benefit from such an interpretation while all the time promoting key concepts, products, and ideas to the customer base while allowing the product or service to perform the actual marketing itself; thereby, saving the company a large amount of money that would otherwise be spent on marketing. In order to achieve such a goal, 3 articles will be compared and key inference will be drawn from each as a way to better understand and categorize the Halo Effect. The first article which will be analyzed is entitled, â€Å"Creating the Brand Halo Effect†. This particular article discusses the way a firm can allow its market leader to tacitly perform its own marketing. An example of such a practice can readily be seen in the way that Apple Inc allowed the success of its iPod line to perform the product recognizance for its PCs and other services. Due to the fact that the market leader was so pervasively displayed within the culture, spending a large budge marketing a product such as the Apple line of PCs and laptops would have been a wasted effort. As such, the Halo Effect can contribute powerfully to lifting to the overall profitability of a given firm and freeing up valuable resources that would have otherwise been utilized to market and advertise other product/service offerings that However, it should be noted that placing the firm’s marketing thrust on a single

Environmental Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Environmental Economics - Essay Example Such rapid growth has brought about unprecedented pressure on the environment. It has been a challenge for India to ensure sustainable growth without hampering its environment beyond the acceptable norms. The key concerns that the country is facing today include its vulnerability to climate change, ability to maintain the balance between environmental concerns and development, setting the research and development priorities and mitigation of poverty amongst its masses (Dayal, Vikram and Chopra, Kanchan). It is important to recognize that natural resources are the prime source of all material inputs to economic activities. The environment acts as a sink of the various kinds of waste generated through human activity on a regular basis. A proper balance between the developmental needs of the country and its environmental concerns is necessary in order to pursue the path of sustainable development. Sustainable Development involves a durable and balanced approach to economic growth provid ing social protection and justice to all and ensuring environmental conservation all the time. Environmental Economics involves the relationship between environment and development. Three major aspects that are responsible for exhaustion of natural resources are over-population, over-production and over-consumption. In addition, there factors also lead to generation of massive quantities of waste if not managed properly. The equation between welfare and human development with protection of natural resource and natural environment has to be a balanced one for continued existence. Hence, while protecting environment is a must, without development it will be unsustainable and therefore it is essential to recognize that the two realities of growth and environment are to co-exist. The Government of India has recognized the importance of sustained development and its Ministry of Environment & Forests issued the National Environment Policy (NEP) in 2006, as a â€Å"response to our nationa l commitment to a clean environment as mandated in the Constitution in Articles 48A and 51A (g) and strengthened by judicial interpretation of Article 21.† (Ministry of Environment and Forests, Corporate Environmental Responsibility). The objective of the NEP is to bring to the mainstream all environmental issues in development activities. The governing subject of the policy is that â€Å"while conservation of environmental resources is necessary to secure livelihoods and well-being of all, the most secure basis for conservation is to ensure that people dependent on particular resources obtain better livelihoods from the fact of conservation than from degradation of the resource.† One of the primary requirements for growth is land. This limited resource is under severe constraint in India and two environmental issues are rigidly tagged to this constraint, the use of agricultural land for industrial purposes and forest land for all development activities. The law of the country mandates that any use of agricultural land for industrial purposes and clearing of forests for developmental activities are to the strictly cleared by the concerned State or Central Government. Forest clearances are to be granted only after careful consideration of the impact of forest diversion on biodiversity, wildlife, water and the local community. Similarly, agricultural land must be cleared by the local government before using for non-agriculture activities. Similar protective measures have also

Theme of discovery in the Murder, The Dead and Clay Essay Example for Free

Theme of discovery in the Murder, The Dead and Clay Essay In the three short stories, you can see how all of the characters are discover their destiny, and become self-aware of their condition. In the Dead this is extremely obvious, as Gabriel (the main character), after misreading several signals that were supposed to warn him about the mood his wife was in, realises that he actually does not understand the person he had married, and that he had been fooling himself both intellectually and emotionally. By trying to escape from that paralysis that affected all of Ireland, as the excess of patriotism symbolised by Miss Ivors would prevent him from taking advantage of what the continent offers, he also prevented himself from learning about what he already had. He does not understand his wife, and he never really manages to escape from Irelands influence anyway, what becomes obvious when seeing his reaction towards Miss Ivors accusation. All of these things allow him to realise that, as he will never free himself, he might as well accept his destiny, by starting his journey towards westward. His paralysis now will be complete, what is symbolised by the snow, which falls all over Ireland. In the Clay, another James Joyce story, Maria (the main character) also discovers their destiny and what that predestined condition entitles. It also involves paralysis and the impossibility of breaking that cycle. This time though it is symbolised by the clay she founds in the saucer that was supposed to tell her what destiny awaited her, and, after a second try, a prayer book. I believe that the clay means that she has nothing to expect from the future, nor travel nor marriage. She has no liberty and no chance to develop. Besides, she is obviously not used to be treated nicely because, although she has a great heart, she also has this witch-like appearance, what drives men away. Her reaction when her friends are teasing her, or when a gentleman is nice to her in the bus, shows how much she really wants to really get married. The clay also symbolises death and the prayer book that religion will probably be involved, maybe a convent, before this end finally arrives. That is why her friends get annoyed at the joke made by the pair of girls, because they also realise this. Her song at the end, which is encircled by a dreamy mood, proves that she is not ignorant of her position either. It is also a vicious, unbreakable circle the one that traps and paralyses the actions of the protagonists of The Murder. It is the one caused by cultural differences and the fact that they live in an enclosed society, what limits their individual freedom. Their existence is confined both intellectually and emotionally, and there is also a limit to how much their perspective develops. From the moment that Jelkas father tells Jim that she will not respect him if he does not hit her, and he ignores this advice, she is bound to betray him. This is because this limit in their personal development does not allow her to realise what a life outside her cultural context has to offer. It defines her, it traps her into a defined pattern, one she cannot escape even by marrying outside it and Jim does not understand this. That is why he feels so frustrated inside his marriage, and seeks for outside company. His own background, so simple, is what blinds him from the way of reaching her heart and become a real couple. Is also that difference he cannot accept, as from the beginning we can notice that he is prejudiced against her family what proves how simple his background is, one that does not accept things to be different, that seeks continuity. There is also an element of island mentality that characterises the three stories. Everything is isolated and therefore you do not have as a wide perspective of things as you could. In The dead is a literal island, Ireland. I believe that in Clay, although it also occurs in Dublin, Joyce is actually means to create an isolated circle of people that she knows and places than she visits. These define more her world, as she knows nothing else. In The Murder the kind of rural and isolated society they live in is also quite isolated from external influence, and it revolves solely on the happenings of the towns and farms. People do not know or care of the world outside that small community. In addition to this, we have the element of learning, which is also a common factor in all of the stories, and it is innate in the term discovery. In The Dead is Gabriel the one who learns that he knows nothing, the one who comes to understand that he does not know the woman he married. Yet, I believe that this understanding and this acceptance of his position, which I mentioned earlier is actually pushing him backwards. He tried to move forward, he could not, but it was too difficult to stay in the middle, and intellectually is suffering a regression. In Clay Maria learns her limitations and learns to live with her dreams while, in the Murder is actually the reader who learns something, as the characters cannot do so as they are trapped in that never ending vicious circle that their upbringings and their condition forced them to enter.

drugs in sports :: essays research papers fc

From the beginning of time sports have been around. It is the competition that everyone loves. The feeling of winning makes many people do anything to achieve it. Even if this means one must cheat to win. Cheating is monitored in professional sports by the use of referees or umpires. With the discovery of many â€Å"nutritional† supplements, many new forms of cheating have arisen that cannot be monitored on the field. Many players used and still use steroids to enhance their muscles so they are stronger during game play. Many random drug tests have been instituted to cut the number of people using steroids down. There are many other supplements that basically do the same thing as steroids that these players use. More and more are becoming illegal in professional sports. And people still use them. Illegal drugs to enhance one’s performance are illegal, therefore when people use them they are cheating. They have created an unfair advantage for themselves illegally. These people using these drugs should be banned from their sport. Professional sports players get paid to play a sport. What more could they want? It is every kids dream. It they cannot play with out cheating they should not have the privilidge of playing at all. There have been many cases in professional sports where athletes have been caught for using illegal drugs that enhance their performance. Often players even use illegal drugs that have no benefit on their performance. These drugs are illegal to everyone, but it seems that when professional athletes get caught using them they don’t get as harsh of a punishment as an average person because of their fame. Steve Howe received seven lifetime suspensions from Major League Baseball. For some reason that does not appear to be possible. If an average person was caught doing so they would be in jail. It is disappointing to see professional athletes receive special treatment because of their fame. They have a good profession; why would they risk it by using drugs?

Lean Thinking Model and Its’ Positive Effects on Manufacturing Processes

Running Head: Lean Thinking Model Lean Thinking Model and its' Positive Effects on Manufacturing Processes June 11, 2009 Table of Contents Introduction4 Steps of the Lean Manufacturing Process5 Step 1:Identify the Value to Customers in Specific Products and Services5 Step 2:Identify the Business Processes the Delivers this Value to Customers8 Step 3:Organize Work Arrangements around the Flow of the Business Process8 Step 4:Create a Pull System that Responds to Customer Demands9 Step 5:Continuously Pursue Perfection in the Business Process10 Summary12 References14 Abstract The lean thinking model has many positive effects on the manufacturing process. The model aids companies in the significant reduction of both human and natural resources by removing waste from all aspects of the manufacturing process. Establishing sound processes will in turn help to eliminate waste in production, workforce, and management resources. The lean thinking model is a process with multiple steps involved to ensure effectiveness for a company. These steps are guidelines that do not fit every organization exactly since there are so many differences between businesses. The function of lean is to seek and find the value of your business. This process will determine the customer’s needs, allow for the removal of non-value added functions and tasks, and materials to become a lean business machine. Henry Ford and the Toyota Company depict an example of the lean thinking model. They invented, re-invented, and added to the lean thinking model over the years and have demonstrated that the model does elp create an efficient business. Introduction The Lean Thinking Model (or lean) falls directly in line with expectations of customers needs for a particular product line by totally reducing excess waste out of the process. A company using lean must optimize the flow of production processes in order to make it cost effective and an efficient process. The philosophy of lean is to remove all waste in the manufacturing process, prov ide reasonable pricing to the customer, which in turn will result in company profits and stability. Toyota is the forerunner of the Lean manufacturing process and has been utilizing, improving and perfecting this method since 1902 (Becker, 2009). Toyota’s hourly wage including benefits such as health care and pensions plans is significantly less in comparison to their other competitors. Toyota’s rate is $48. 00 dollars an hour where GM’s rate is $69. 00 dollars an hour (Hirschfeld Davis, 2008). With both the current economic crisis and government bailouts, some of Toyota’s automobile competitors obviously did not follow the lean manufacturing process. Therefore, Toyota is one of the top automobile companies today. The Toyota Production System is credited for Toyota because of their â€Å"sustained leadership in manufacturing performance† (Johnsoton, 2001). Toyota has adapted to changes within the automobile industry with excellence. They drive towards â€Å"continuously improving the micro levels of manufacturing processes through identification and systematic reduction or elimination of non-value adding activities† (Sullivan, 2008). Dennis Sowards stated it very well when he said, â€Å"For lean construction to be truly successful, it requires a cultural change in the company, not a few random uses† (Sowards, 2009). Not only must a company participate in a cultural change, they must develop a plan to change their processes and their way of thinking. Company programs lacking support and participation from employees’ typically are unsuccessful. There are five management steps contained within the Lean Thinking Model. This management step approach works well when applied to organize a company’s resources such as equipment and personnel. These resources are incorporated â€Å"†¦around the flow of business processes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and the products are â€Å"†¦pulled through this process in response to customer orders† (Garrison et al. , 2008, p. 13). A company will see many benefits from this process, which could include â€Å"lower inventories, fewer defects, less wasted effort, and quicker customer response times† (Garrison et al. , 2008, p. 13). Shown below are the five lean steps along with descriptions of each demonstrating the significant of how these steps contribute to the success of a company. Steps of the Lean Manufacturing Process Step 1:Identify the Value to Customers in Specific Products and Services In order to sustain business, a company must identify what the customer values in a product and service which will bring that customer back to buy again. A prime example where customers were disappointed by a product change is when the Coca Cola Company © released their new product called The New Coke ©. This occurred in 1985 after the Coca Cola Company © researched and marketed a new product formula, which they initially intended to replace their orginal Coca Cola © Classic formula. Have you seen New Coke © product invending machines or on the grocery shelves anywhere today? No. Because customers hated the new product and wanted their original Coca Cola © back. The Coca Cola © company did not find out what their customer wanted prior to changing their formula and their customers were highly offended. Lessons learned: The organization found out very quickly that their customer found absolutely no value in their new product. Coca Cola Company © spent four hundred million dollars for research, development and marketing of the new formula (Unknown, 2009). After 87 days of bad press, customer letters and phone calls with complaints against the new formula, the Coca Cola © Company pulled the New Coke © product off the shelves (Unknown, 2009). The organization could have prevented this issue. They could have sent out Coca Cola © samples to millions of customers rather than the initial two hundred thousand of taste testers (Unknown, 2009). The reason for this anology is that the target group of Coca Cola © lovers is in the millions, not in the thousands. To keep prices as low as possible, and create a sustainable competitive advantage, waste must be removed from the manufacturing process (Baker, 2006). This includes the office worker who wastes time with two hours of cooler talk, the shop worker who is standing idley by waiting for the production line to gear back up, or there are missing steps to the design flow process. For an organization to be lean, the idea must be implemented from top down, not from the bottom up. It must include support from all levels. When individuals are standing around and others are working excessively, there is an imbalance in the work flow process which could be corrected by implementing cross-training throughout various departments (Baker, 2006). Part of the waste reduction process is identifying all pocesses or business elements that create waste and then modifying them to reduce that waste. Most organizations think that the lean process is to clean and organize an office, for example, or shift personnel around without any thought to reduce non-value added functions. By pulling out those steps that do not add value from the customers point of view and by removing waste, a company may just have a sustainable product on their hands (Baker, 2006). A business that understands the customer’s values will be able to provide that customer with a product that they need. Remember, the lines of communication must remain open. Customer’s feedback for products is extremely important. The customer feedback provides an invaluable tool to maintain existing quality and steps to improve a product line if needed. The customer interaction is a part of the lean process. This step in the lean process takes constant maintenance and interaction between both parties on regular bases (Baker, 2006). Company’s that value their customer opinions helps the organization improve product lines, reduce waste, and adds value for success. What causes a customer to remain loyal to a particular brand and purchase it repeatedly? It is often that a customer finds value in a specific brand name, not just the item. For instance, some people will only wear Nike © tennis shoes, this is specific brand loyalty. The value of a reasonable priced item is typically a good second indicator, but not always. Product price versus the quality of the product is another comparison the customers will make prior to buying. It has been my personnel experience that a cheaper product of lesser quality will often need to replaced because it worn out too soon. If the quality of the product lasts as long as the customer feels it should based on the price of the item, then when it is time to replace it, they are more likely to venture back to the same brand. What the customer values in a particular product must be identified to meet their budgets need and keep them coming back as a repeat customer for the company. Customer loyalty is free advertising for the manufacturer. When customers are happy about the products or services that they receive from a business, they brag about the product and the organization. Bragging is free advertising of products or services. By acknowledging the value of customer feedback, making the customer feel good while using a particular product, the company may gain a loyal friend for life. Step 2:Identify the Business Processes the Delivers this Value to Customers After a business identifies what products and services the customer wants, needs and values, their business processes that deliver these products and services must be identified as well (Garrison, et. al, 2008, p 14). The next step is to lean out those processes to make them more efficient. During this step of the lean process, there are no departmental boundaries in the company’s organizational chart when determining what business process will deliver the identified value to the customer (Garrison, et. l, 2008, p 14). This element removes waste from both manufacturing and human resources. This ensures effective processes. Each business department has the opportunity to be lean. Step 3:Organize Work Arrangements around the Flow of the Business Process Effective layout for business flow is essentional to an efficient production line (Sullivan, 2008). The Lean Manufacturing system organizes process and p laces them in manufacturing cells based on the product that they are creating. The cellular approach takes employees and equipment from departments that were previously separated from one another and places them side-by-side in a work space called a cell† (Garrison, et. al, 2008 p 14). Every aspect from the equipment process line to the employee running the machines is organized in a cell. Training the employees to perform all the steps in their manufacturing cell ensures accurate and consistent skill training. This step ensures that the manufacturing of the product is completed in a sequential manner that follows detailed process steps. By applying this step, time reduction for an employee in the overall process will take place. For example, the employee would no longer have to run clear across the two-mile plant to obtain the nut for the bolt that was produced in their cell. The bolts and nuts would be in the same cell since it is part of the new process cell. This is a significant cost savings for the company, which is passed directly to the customer. Step 4:Create a Pull System that Responds to Customer Demands Creating a pull system to respond to customer demands starts by a customer placing a product or service order. A company reduces inventories to bare minimum levels because production will only occur after the customer orders something from the organization. â€Å"In an ideal situation the company would only purchase the raw materials needed for each day or shift of operation, with none left at the end of the day and immediately ship the finished goods to the customer† (Garrison, et. al, 2008 p 14). This sometimes can cause a problem. This type of workflow pattern can cause work stoppages because when orders are not coming in, workers are waiting for customer orders to perform work (Garrison, et. al, 2008 p 14). This problem can be alleviated by ensuring that cross training is conducted with those employees that may have to wait for orders. Just-in-Time (JIT) is another example of a pull system and is used at many large manufacturing companies such as Northrop Grumman, Ford and Toyota. When the JIT System is applied to a manufacturing process, materials are purchased for what is needed, when they are needed, and the quantities produced are based specifically on what customers order. The JIT system made Henry Ford and Toyota famous in their efforts to minimize waste and organize their manufacturing process successfully. For example, Toyota to this day does not start production on their vehicles until there is an order from a customer for a vehicle. Another excellent example of a company that uses the JIT process is Northrop Grumman Shipbuilding. They are located on the James River in Newport News, Virginia and are the only manufacturer of nuclear aircraft carries for the United States Navy. Northrop Grumman Shipbuilding developed the Nimitz class carrier for the Navy with the famous slogan of 90 tons of steel. The painting of all that steel is amazing to witness. In 1990, the Northrop Grumman Shipbuilding environmental department estimated the waste paint volume at nearly 60% of the paint purchased. Northrop Grumman Shipbuilding decided that something needed to change to reduce this double cost of extra paint purchased and waste. They began working with paint manufacturers and applied a JIT system with all paint purchases. The paint manufactures signed teaming agreements with Northrop Grumman Shipbuilding to supply all paints JIT. The environmental department estimated a 25% reduction in waste from this JIT application. Only 25% reduction was seen as a great feat, but it was also disturbing. The environmental department with Northrop Grumman Shipbuilding was concerned that there was not a 60% reduction. This led the company to further investigation of the painting application process. Northrop Grumman Shipbuilding discovered that the paint distribution and application process was the culprit for the missing 35%. Their next lean step after discovering this problem was to eliminate it and they have since created processes to do just that. Step 5:Continuously Pursue Perfection in the Business Process A company must continuously review all aspects of their business in order for it to improve in the pursuit of perfection. This is not just production line review (Garrison et al. , p. 14). Quality control is a vital attribute in this step as well. Raw materials and parts are inspected for defects, including finished products manufactured in the shop and raw materials received from supplies to produce those products. Business and suppliers must work together to ensure each has a quality program that will enhance their product line, not hurt it with inadequate materials or products. The company’s production workers will inspect a second time since they are directly responsible for spotting defective pieces. A worker who discovers a defect immediately stops the flow of production and start working on trouble shooting a solution to correct it. Supervisors and other workers in the area will assist in determining the root cause of the problem and correct it before any further defective units are produced (Garrison et al. , p. 14). This way of thinking allows the company to ensure quick problem identification and solutions in their business process. It is not a common philosophy in manufacturing processes where the production line worker can stop the production line because they found an error in a part. Typically, the worker is required to inform their supervisor, the supervisor will inform the shop production manager and then perhaps senior management all while the production line is still running and generating defective parts. This entire succession of informing all those in the management chain can take hours or even days to accomplish. With lean manufacturing and the Jidoka system, the worker would stop production immediately, resolve the issues before any more defective parts are produced and subsequently scrapped as waste (Brodek, 2009). A very interesting aspect of lean is that the process relies on those working the deck plate to find defective or wasteful processes and solve the problem. Traditionally, an individual would go up the chain of management and those in upper management would make the corrective action decision. The Jidoka system is a process established by the Japanese that provides front line workers the ability and responsibility to stop the production line immediately when they find a problem (Brodek, 2009). They are then required to alert their fellow workers and problem solves the situation. If they are inexperienced in this problem solving process, other works or supervision may make suggestions for correction, but not before the individual that stopped the process attempts to solve it. This forces the new employee to acquire learned problem solving skills, which is invaluable in a manufacturing process line. Permanent and perfect solutions are expected result of the Jidoka system. Employees must understand that the Band-Aid approach is not acceptable in correcting company production or process problems. The entire company must pull together and problem solve, because by using the lean process, repeat defective parts are not acceptable. In 1926, Henry Ford could manufacture a car in four days and at that same time, Toyota and General Motors needed ten weeks to produce just one vehicle. Henry Ford’s Jidoka system vehicle manufacturing process is a great example of how reducing waste worked for Ford. Toyota studied the Ford process and applied lean manufacturing to their processes and reduced their vehicle manufacturing process from ten weeks to just two days (Brodek, 2009). That is impressive for any company. Another Application for the Lean Thinking Model â€Å"The lean thinking model can also be used to improve the business processes that link companies together. The term supply chain management is commonly used to refer to the coordination of business processes across companies to better serve end consumers† (Garrison et al, 2008, p 14). For example, Costco teams with their suppliers to ensure materials and products that they need are available based on customer demand. Both Costco and the supplier understand that their mutual success is highly dependent upon them working together as a team. Summary The significant benefits of the Lean Manufacturing Model include many different aspects. The first is the reduction of resources, human and natural. By removing waste from work scopes, production lines and management, the company will save money. Another significant benefit is the reduction of time for an employee and a given product on the production line will result in additional cost savings. By leaning out an organization’s processes, human resources, and materials in the production process, this elimination of non-value added steps would add the benefit of saving the company time and money. Other examples of the reduction in resources used include electricity, natural resources (metal, gas, electricity, and fabric) and personnel. Truly honing in on what the customer wants, needs and values will help create a process that defines those values. This is a key function of lean manufacturing. References Baker, W. H. (2006, May). Profit Online. Retrieved June 7, 2009, from Five Steps to the Lean Enterprise; creating a sustainable competitive advange: http://www. oracle. com/profit/features/p26lean_3. html Brodek, N. (2009). Mold Making Technology. Retrieved May 13, 20069, from Five Rules to Problem Solving in Your Shop: http://www. moldmakingtechnology. com/articles/010508. html Becker, R. M. (2009). SAE International. Retrieved May 16, 2009, from Lean Manufacturing and the Toyota Production System : http://www. sae. org/manufacturing/lean/column/leanjun01. htm Garrison, R. H. (2008). Managerial Accounting (12th edition). New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill COmpanies, Inc.. Hirschfeld Davis, J. a. (2008, December 11). USA Today. Retrieved June 7, 2009, from Auto bailout talks collapse in Senate over union wages : http://www. usatoday. com/money/autos/2008-12-10-house-approves-auto-bailout-bill_N. htm Johnsoton, S. J. (2001, November 26). Working Knowledge, Harvard Business School. Retrieved May 13, 2009, from How Toyota Turns Workers Into Problem Solvers: http://hbswk. hbs. edu/item/3512. html Sowards, D. (2009, March 01). snips Magazine. Retrieved May 15, 2009, from Lean and Mean: http://www. nipsmag. com/Articles/Feature_Article/BNP_GUID_9-5-2006_A_10000000000000539426 Frost and Sullivan. (2008, January 3). Frost and Sullivan Market Insite. Retrieved June 7, 2009, from Cellular Manufacturing : http://www. frost. com/prod/servlet/market-insight-print. pag? docid=116843703 (Sullivan, 2008) need to fix this one. The authors are Frost and Sullivan†¦no first names, but the citation is wrong Unknown. (2009 , June 9). Building Brands. Retrieved June 7, 2009, from Cost-effective promotions can build the brand too: http://www. buildingbrands. com/didyouknow/08_new_coke. php

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